Eastern Spadefoot
Scaphiopus holbrookii
Named for the spade-like protuberance on their hind feet that they use for digging, the Eastern spadefoot is found all across the state except in the Blue Ridge Mountains. It is the only spadefoot that appears east of the Mississippi River.
Description: The Eastern spadefoot looks like a toad, and it typically measures from 1.75 to 2.25 inches in length. Its color varies from yellowish brown to dark brown, and some individuals may be uniformly dark gray to nearly black. Two yellowish lines, each starting immediately behind the eye, extend down the back forming the shape of a lyre or an hourglass. Another line is often found on the side of the body. The spades on the rear feet are black and sickle shaped. The species' vertical pupils are diagnostic.
Similar Species: None.
Voice: A short, loud "BURR", similar to the call of a young crow.
Habitat: It has a preference for forested areas with loose or sandy soil.
Breeding information: Eastern spadefoots are explosive breeders and heavy summer rains initiate breeding. The eggs are laid in easily broken strands and attached to vegetation. Hatching occurs in 24 - 72 hours in hot weather and may take up to one week in cooler weather. Metamorphosis of tadpoles takes less than one month.
Status in Tennessee: This secretive species spends much of its time underground. Status unknown.
Fun Facts:
- The Eastern spadefoot is the only frog or toad in Tennessee that has vertical pupils
- The Eastern spadefoot is seen infrequently. It comes from its burrow only after heavy rain during the warmer months
- Like many toads, Eastern spadefoots secret toxins from their skin which can be harmful if they come into contact with the eyes, nose or mouth
Best places to see in Tennessee: Found statewide except for the extreme northeastern part of the state.
For more information:
The Frogs and Toads of Tennessee web site
LEAPS Consulting web site on frogs and toads
Frogs and Toads of Georgia and South Carolina
Sources:
Conant, R. and Collins, J. 1998. Peterson Field Guides: Reptiles and Amphibians (Eastern/Central North America). Houghton Mifflin Company, New York. 616pp.
Recording ©2010, Robert English, Leaps
